Topic 01: Historical Acts 1773–1947, Constituent Assembly, Drafting Committee

Topic 02: Borrowed features, written constitution, federalism with unitary bias

Topic 03: All 25 Parts and 12 Schedules — structure and amendments

Topic 04: Keywords, 42nd Amendment, Kesavananda, Berubari cases

Topic 05: Articles 1–4, States, UTs, reorganisation, integration of princely states

Topic 06: Articles 5–11, Citizenship Act 1955, CAA, NRC, OCI

Topic 07: Articles 12–35, six FRs, writ jurisdiction, landmark cases

Topic 08: Articles 36–51 and 51A — DPSP vs FR, Swaran Singh Committee

Topic 09: Article 368, Golaknath, Kesavananda, Minerva Mills

Topic 10: Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, sessions, legislation, money bills

Topic 11: Election, powers, veto, ordinances, pardoning power

Topic 12: Council of Ministers, collective responsibility, Art.74–75

Topic 13: Westminster model, quasi-federalism, cooperative federalism

Topic 14: Legislative, administrative, financial relations; inter-state

Topic 15: Articles 352, 356, 360 — national, state, financial emergency

Topic 16: Governor's powers, CM, state council of ministers

Topic 17: Vidhan Sabha, Vidhan Parishad, special provisions for states

Topic 18: Union Territories, Fifth & Sixth Schedule, tribal areas

Topic 19: 73rd & 74th Amendments, local self-government

Topic 20: Composition, jurisdiction, judicial review, collegium

Topic 21: HC jurisdiction, subordinate judiciary, Lok Adalats

Topic 22: PIL, judicial activism, NJAC, landmark judgments

Topic 23: UPSC & State Public Service Commissions

Topic 24: Election Commission of India

Topic 25: Finance Commission

Topic 26: National Commissions for SC, ST, BC & Linguistic Minorities

Topic 27: CAG, Attorney General & Advocate General

Topic 28: GST Council, NITI Aayog, Planning Commission & NDC

Topic 29: NHRC, CVC, CBI, CIC & RTI

Topic 30: Lokpal, Lokayuktas, NIA & Disaster Management

Topic 31: NCW, NCM, NCDRC & Child Rights Commission

Topic 32: Regulatory Bodies — SEBI, TRAI, CCI, UGC, IRDAI & Co-operative Societies

Topic 33: Official Language & 8th Schedule

Topic 34: Public Services, Tribunals & Rights/Liabilities of Government

Topic 35: Special Provisions — Reservations & Elections

Topic 36: Anti-Defection Law, Elections, Political Parties & Pressure Groups

Topic 37: Landmark Judgements That Transformed India

Topic 38: Articles, Amendments & Constitutional Reference

Topic 01: Inscriptions, Coins, Literary Sources, Foreign Accounts

Topic 02: Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Megalithic & Rock Art

Topic 03: Ahar, Malwa, Kayatha, Jorwe, Savalda, Rangpur Cultures

Topic 04: Discovery, Extent, Phases, Sites, Town Planning, Economy, Decline

Topic 05: Early Vedic (Rig Vedic) & Later Vedic — Aryans, Assemblies, Varna, Ashramas, 16 Sanskaras, Vedic Literature

Topic 06: Gautama Buddha, Four Noble Truths, Buddhist Councils, Mahavira, Pancha Mahavrata, Jain Sects, Heterodox Schools

Topic 07: All 16 Mahajanapadas, Rise of Magadha, Haryanka/Shishunaga/Nanda Dynasties, Society, Admin, NBP Ware, Punch-Marked Coins

Topic 08: Persian Invasion (Cyrus, Darius I, Xerxes), Macedonian Invasion (Alexander), Battle of Hydaspes, Hyphasis Mutiny, Impact on India

Topic 09: Origin theories, Chandragupta–Bindusara–Ashoka–Brihadratha, Kalinga War, Dhamma, Edicts, Arthashastra, Indica, Administration, Economy, Fall

Topic 10: Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Pahlavas, Kushanas (Kanishka), Shungas, Kanvas, Satavahanas (Gautamiputra), Chedi (Kharavela), Mahayana, Gandhara/Mathura/Amravati Art, Indo-Roman Trade

Topic 11: Sri Gupta to Skandagupta, Samudragupta (Allahabad Pillar), Chandragupta II Vikramaditya, Fa-Hien, Kumaragupta–Nalanda, Skandagupta–Huns, Nagara temple, Ajanta, Aryabhata, Kalidasa, Decline

Topic 12: Vakatakas (Harishena, Ajanta later phase), Maitraka–Maukhari–Gauda–Huna, Pushyabhuti–Harshavardhana (Kannauj & Prayag Assembly, Hiuen Tsang), W. Chalukyas of Badami (Pulakeshin II, Aihole–Badami–Pattadakal), Pallavas of Kanchi (Mamalla, Mahabalipuram, Shore Temple, Kailashanatha), Kadamba, W. Ganga, Kalabhra, Bengal–Kamarupa

Topic 01: Pratiharas, Palas, Rashtrakutas, Tripartite Struggle, regional dynasties, society & economy

Topic 02: Vijayalaya to Rajendra I, administration, navy, art & temple architecture

Topic 03: Rajput states, Arab/Ghaznavid/Ghorid invasions, reasons for Turkish success

Topic 04: Slave, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, Lodi — institutions, economy, society & culture

Topic 05: Vijayanagara & Deccan states — polity, economy, art & architecture

Topic 06: Babur to Aurangzeb — administration, mansabdari, revenue, culture, decline

Topic 07: Maratha rise, Shivaji, Peshwas, regional kingdoms in 18th century

Topic 08: Bhakti saints, Sufi orders, syncretism, impact on society & culture

Topic 01: Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danish, French — Vasco da Gama to Wandiwash 1498–1763

Topic 02: Later Mughals, Sayyid Brothers, Nadir Shah, Abdali, Panipat 1761, causes & historiography

Topic 03: Bengal, Awadh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas, Sikhs, Jats, Rajputs, Travancore, Rohillas

Topic 04: Plassey to annexation of Awadh — Anglo-Mysore, Anglo-Maratha, Anglo-Sikh wars, Subsidiary Alliance, Doctrine of Lapse

Topic 05: Regulating Act 1773 to eve of Crown rule — civil service, judiciary, police, army, revenue, codification

Topic 06: Causes, centres of revolt, leaders, suppression, GoI Act 1858, Queen's Proclamation, historiography

Topic 07: Crown takeover to independence — Councils Acts, Montagu-Chelmsford 1919, GoI Act 1935

Topic 08: Brahmo, Arya Samaj, Ramakrishna, Aligarh, Singh Sabha, Phule, Periyar, status of women

Topic 09: Drain of wealth, deindustrialisation, land revenue, famines, railways, industry, trade 1757–1947

Topic 10: Orientalist–Anglicist debate, Macaulay Minute 1835, Wood's Despatch 1854, vernacular press

Topic 11: Civil rebellions, tribal uprisings, peasant revolts, religious movements, sepoy mutinies 1763–1856

Topic 12: A.O. Hume, founding session 1885, Dadabhai Naoroji, Gokhale, drain theory, constitutional agitation

Topic 13: Pre-Congress associations, safety valve, moderates, Partition of Bengal 1905, Swadeshi, Surat Split

Topic 14: Swadeshi & boycott, Surat Split 1907, Morley-Minto 1909, revolutionary terrorism, Lucknow Pact, Home Rule

Topic 15: Champaran, Rowlatt, Khilafat, Non-Cooperation, Dandi March, RTCs, Poona Pact, GoI Act 1935

Topic 16: Swaraj Party, Simon Commission, Lahore Congress 1929, Salt March, RTCs, 1937 provincial elections

Topic 17: WWII, Cripps Mission, Quit India, INA, Cabinet Mission, Direct Action Day, Mountbatten Plan, Partition

Topic 18: Congress resignations, Cripps, Quit India, INA trials, Wavell Plan, Cabinet Mission, Independence Act

Topic 19: Every GG/Viceroy from Warren Hastings to C. Rajagopalachari — reforms, wars, acts, doctrines

Topic 01: Economic drain, institutional inheritance, Two-Nation Theory, Cabinet Mission, Radcliffe Line, migration & rehabilitation

Topic 02: Sardar Patel & V.P. Menon, Instrument of Accession, Junagadh, Hyderabad, Kashmir, privy purses

Topic 03: Isolation vs assimilation vs integration, Nehru's Tribal Panchsheel, Fifth & Sixth Schedules, PESA, FRA

Topic 04: Dhar & JVP, Potti Sriramulu, Fazl Ali SRC, States Reorganisation Act 1956, anti-Hindi, sons-of-soil

Topic 05: Planning & PSUs, Non-Alignment & Panchsheel, 1947–48, 1962 & 1965 wars

Topic 06: Shastri's premiership, rupee devaluation, succession & the Syndicate, Indira's rise, 1967 elections

Topic 07: Congress system, 1969 split, bank nationalisation, privy purses, Garibi Hatao & 1971 verdict

Topic 08: 1971 War, Mukti Bahini, Indo-Soviet Treaty, Simla Agreement, Pokhran-I

Topic 09: Nav Nirman, Total Revolution, Allahabad verdict, MISA, 42nd Amendment, Shah Commission

Topic 10: Janata collapse, Indira's return, Anandpur Sahib, Operation Blue Star

Topic 11: Technology Mission, Assam Accord, Anti-Defection, Shah Bano, Bofors

Topic 12: Coalition era, Mandal, Mandir, 1991 reforms, United Front, Vajpayee

Topic 13: Zamindari abolition, tenancy reform, land ceilings, cooperative movement

Topic 14: HYV seeds, Norman Borlaug, M.S. Swaminathan, food self-sufficiency & consequences

Topic 15: Planning, mixed economy, Licence Raj, 1991 liberalisation & reform trajectory

Topic 16: Chipko, Silent Valley, Appiko, women's & Dalit movements, new social movements

Topic 17: Vajpayee NDA, UPA-I & UPA-II, Manmohan Singh, coalition politics & key reforms

Topic 18: Single-party majority, New India agenda, JAM trinity, Aadhaar–DBT & contemporary shifts

Topic 01: England origins, factory system, steam & railways, spread to Germany, USA, Russia & Meiji Japan

Topic 02: Stamp Act to Constitution — colonies, Declaration of Independence, Federalist Papers

Topic 03: Bastille to Directory — Estates-General, Terror, Napoleon’s rise, legacy of modern politics

Topic 04: Napoleonic Code, continental system, Waterloo, Metternich & the conservative order

Topic 05: Risorgimento, Cavour, Garibaldi, Bismarck, realpolitik & Franco-Prussian War

Topic 06: New imperialism, Berlin Conference 1884, partition of Africa & Asia, economic motives

Topic 07: Alliance system, trench warfare, Versailles Treaty, collapse of four empires

Topic 08: 1905 Revolution, February & October 1917, Lenin, Civil War, NEP & USSR formation

Topic 09: Versailles fallout, Weimar Republic, fascism, Wall Street Crash & rise of dictators

Topic 10: Blitzkrieg, Holocaust, Pacific theatre, Yalta & Potsdam, UN founding

Topic 11: Bipolar world, NATO vs Warsaw Pact, Cuban Missile Crisis, détente, proxy wars

Topic 12: Gorbachev reforms, glasnost, perestroika, August coup, post-Soviet states

Topic 13: Globalisation, War on Terror, multipolarity, WTO, rise of China & BRICS

Topic 14: End of European empires, Bandung, Non-Aligned Movement, African independence, Mandela

Topic 15: Xinhai Revolution, Mao, Cultural Revolution, Deng reforms, Xi Jinping era

Topic 16: Sykes-Picot, Israel-Palestine, Arab Spring, Gulf Wars, Iran & regional conflicts

Topic 17: Adam Smith, Marx, welfare state, neoliberalism, 2008 crisis & ideological debate

Topic 18: Master revision — Enlightenment to Cold War end, all major events & PYQs mapped

Topic 01A: Forts, Ashokan pillars, stupas, caves, Nagara, Dravida & Vesara temples

Topic 01B: Delhi Sultanate, Mughal, provincial, Indo-Saracenic & post-Independence

Topic 02: Harappan, Mauryan, Gandhara–Mathura–Amaravati, Gupta & Chola bronzes

Topic 03: Inscriptions, Ashokan edicts, coins, pottery & ancient universities

Topic 04A: Bhimbetka, Ajanta, miniature, Mughal, Rajput & Pahari schools

Topic 04B: Company School, Bengal School, Madhubani, Warli & Pattachitra

Topic 05: World Heritage sites, intangible heritage & Geographical Indications

Topic 06: Textiles, weaves, embroidery, pottery, Bidri & Dhokra

Topic 07: Hindustani & Carnatic classical, ragas, talas, gharanas & instruments

Topic 08: Natyashastra, eight classical forms & folk dances

Topic 09: Sanskrit drama, folk theatre & modern theatre

Topic 10: String, shadow, glove & rod puppets

Topic 11: Kalaripayattu, Silambam, Gatka, Thang-Ta & more

Topic 12: Language families, Eighth Schedule & classical languages

Topic 13: Vedic, Sanskrit, Sangam, Bhakti & modern literature

Topic 14: Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism & other faiths

Topic 15: Six Astika schools, Nastika & Vedanta

Topic 16: Saints, Nirguna & Saguna, Alvars & Nayanars

Topic 17: Silsilas, Chishti & Suhrawardi, concepts & saints

Topic 18: Maths, astronomy, medicine, metallurgy

Topic 19: Religious, harvest, tribal festivals & melas

Topic 20: Silent era, talkies, golden age, parallel cinema & awards

Topic 21: Vikram, Saka, Hijri, National Calendar & eras

Topic 22: ASI, ministries, Akademis, ICCR & more

Topic 23: AMASR Act, Antiquities Act, GI & UNESCO conventions

Topic 24: Civilian awards, Akademi & cultural honours

Topic 25: Musicians, dancers, painters, writers & reformers

Topic 01: Latitudes, longitudes, frontiers, 15 neighbours, 28 states & 8 UTs

Topic 02: Four ranges, syntaxial bends, passes, glaciers & hazards

Topic 03: Archaean, Dharwar, Cuddapah, Vindhyan, Gondwana, Deccan Trap

Topic 04: Bhabar, Tarai, Bhangar, Khadar, Eastern & Western coasts

Topic 05: Aravalli, Ghats, Deccan, Thar, Andaman & Lakshadweep

Topic 06: Seismic zones, Barren Island, Bhuj, Latur, tsunami mitigation

Topic 07: Drainage patterns, Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra & tributaries

Topic 08: Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmada, Tapi, lakes & Jog Falls

Topic 09: Groundwater, irrigation, watershed, NWP & river-linking

Topic 10: Factors, ITCZ, jet streams, El Niño, IOD & monsoon mechanism

Topic 11: Köppen classification, Loo, Kalbaisakhi, DPAP & flood management

Topic 12: Forest types, Champion & Seth, Forest Policy & social forestry

Topic 13: National parks, tiger & biosphere reserves, corals & Ramsar

Topic 14: Alluvial, black, red, laterite — profile, degradation & conservation

Topic 15: Metallic, non-metallic & atomic minerals, livestock & breeds

Topic 16: Coal, petroleum, gas, nuclear, hydro & renewables

Topic 17: Roadways, railways, airways, waterways & pipelines

Topic 01: Demographic structure, evolution, hierarchy, diversity & unity

Topic 02: Theories of origin, SC issues, caste-vote bank, reservation policy

Topic 03: Tribes in India, joint vs nuclear family, marriage types, kinship systems

Topic 04: Types of regionalism, communalism stages, linguistic states

Topic 05: Community identity, minority rights, Indian vs Western secularism, UCC

Topic 06: Social inequalities, OBC, children, elderly, disabled, transgender rights

Topic 07: Gender wage gap, domestic violence, POSH Act, government initiatives

Topic 08: Urbanization, smart cities, migration, globalization, PIO/OCI diaspora

Big Bang, galaxies, Sun, planets, asteroids, comets

Oblate spheroid, rotation, revolution, IDL, tides, magnetosphere

Spheres, Earth's interior, minerals and rocks

Wegener to plate boundaries, hotspots, Indian plate

Diastrophism, volcanism, earthquakes, weathering, erosion

Erosional and depositional landforms across all agents

Atmospheric layers, ozone, insolation, heat budget

Pressure belts, Coriolis, monsoon, jet streams

Temperate and tropical cyclones, anticyclones, tornadoes

Hydrological cycle, cloud types, rainfall types

Köppen codes, climographs, India's climate zones

Ocean floor, thermohaline circulation, AMOC

UNCLOS, fisheries, polymetallic nodules, blue economy

Biomes, biodiversity hotspots, India's biogeographic zones

Topic 01: Sectors, factors of production, types of economies, structural transformation

Topic 02: GDP, GNP, GVA, NNP, market price vs factor cost, methods of estimation

Topic 03: HDI, MPI, SDG Index, beyond-GDP measures, inclusive development

Topic 04: Colonial economy, drain theory, independence, mixed economy, 1991 reforms

Topic 05: Meaning, types, models, imperative vs indicative planning

Topic 06: Five Year Plans, Planning Commission, NITI Aayog, Viksit Bharat 2047

Topic 07: LPG reforms, second-generation reforms, labour codes, farm laws

Topic 08: CPI, WPI, PPI, Phillips Curve, headline vs core, inflation targeting

Topic 09: Green Revolution, land reforms, MSP, APMC, farm laws, food management

Topic 10: Industrial policy, PLI, MSME, PPP, NIP, Gati Shakti

Topic 11: IT-BPM, GCCs, tourism, medical value travel, RERA, services trade

Topic 12: Money market vs capital market, RBI & SEBI, NBFCs, fintech, CBDC

Topic 13: RBI, money supply, monetary policy, NBFCs, NPAs, IBC

Topic 14: IRDAI, life & general insurance, FDI 74%, penetration, Bima Trinity

Topic 15: SEBI, primary & secondary markets, BSE/NSE, mutual funds, derivatives

Topic 16: BoP, CAD, FDI, FPI, forex reserves, NEER/REER, FTAs

Topic 17: IMF, World Bank, WTO, ADB, AIIB, NDB, Bretton Woods architecture

Topic 18: Direct & indirect taxes, GST, GST Council, tax-to-GDP, DTC

Topic 19: Union Budget, deficits, FRBM, public debt, Finance Commission

Topic 20: Green GDP, NDCs, Net Zero, carbon markets, green bonds

Topic 21: Poverty lines, MPI, PLFS, MGNREGA, labour codes, HDI

Topic 22: Poverty, inequality, unemployment, hunger, informality, demographic dividend

Topic 23: Structure, key themes, growth outlook, fiscal & sectoral highlights

Topic 24: Constitutional basis, budget documents, deficits, budget process, highlights

Topic 01: Levels of organisation, species, evolution, extinction, IUCN

Topic 02: Keystone, indicator, flagship, umbrella species and interactions

Topic 03: r/K selection, logistic growth, carrying capacity, feedback

Topic 04: Energy flow, trophic levels, productivity, ecological pyramids

Topic 05: Biomes, forests, grasslands, deserts, Indian vegetation types

Topic 06: Freshwater, marine, mangroves, coral reefs, Ramsar wetlands

Topic 07: Biosphere concept, UNESCO MAB, core-buffer-transition zones

Topic 08: Primary/secondary succession, climax, ecological homeostasis

Topic 09: Conformers vs regulators, niche, ecotone, Bergmann's rule

Topic 10: Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, oxygen and water cycles

Topic 11: Genetic/species/ecosystem diversity, Shannon index, megadiverse

Topic 12: HIPPO framework, habitat loss, invasives, co-extinction

Topic 13: Hotspots, protected areas, Project Tiger, sacred groves, MPAs

Topic 14: Zoos, gene banks, CAMPA, JFM, National Forest Policy

Topic 15: Birds, mammals, aquatic and plant species — Prelims fact bank

Topic 16: Biogeographic zones, Western Ghats, Gadgil & Kasturirangan

Topic 17: GHGs, GWP, Montreal Protocol, Kigali Amendment, ozone hole

Topic 18: Desertification, deforestation, soil erosion, ZBNF, UNCCD

Topic 19: Groundwater, Jal Jeevan, ocean acidification, methane hydrates

Topic 20: NAPCC, NDC 3.0, net-zero 2070, carbon markets, green economy

Topic 21: BOD/COD, eutrophication, heavy metals, arsenic, fluoride

Topic 22: PM2.5/PM10, photochemical smog, NAAQS, AQI, ground-level ozone

Topic 23: Heavy metals, phytoremediation, dB(A), thermal & radiation

Topic 24: Waste hierarchy, EPR, SWM 2016, SUP ban, e-waste rules

Topic 25: LD50, Minamata, Itai-itai, fluorosis, arsenicosis

Topic 26: 500 GW target, Panchamrit, ISA, PM-KUSUM, green hydrogen

Topic 27: Tragedy of commons, sand mining, overfishing, desertification

Topic 28: EIA 2006, EAC, SEIAA, EMP, fly ash management

Topic 29: EPA 1986, Wildlife 1972, Forest 1980, FRA 2006, Biodiversity 2002

Topic 30: NAPCC, Namami Gange, NCAP, Green India Mission, CAMPA

Topic 31: UNFCCC, Kyoto, Paris, Montreal, Kigali

Topic 32: CBD, Nagoya, Cartagena, CITES, CMS, Ramsar

Topic 33: UNFCCC COPs, CMA, Paris COP21, Glasgow Pact, Loss & Damage

Topic 34: UNEP, IPCC, IUCN, WMO, UNESCO-MAB, GEF, GCF

Topic 35: MoEFCC, CPCB, NGT, NBWL, NTCA, SPCBs

Topic 36: NCEF, CAMPA, NAFCC, green bonds, Green Credit Programme

Topic 37: Bishnoi, Chipko, Appiko, Silent Valley, Narmada Bachao

Topic 38: National parks, tiger/elephant reserves, Ramsar, biosphere reserves

Topic 39: CBAM, carbon budget, green hydrogen, tipping points, Karakoram anomaly

Topic 01: Evolution, nutrition, respiration, five kingdoms, plant & animal kingdom

Topic 02: Cell theory, organelles, nucleic acids, plant & animal tissues

Topic 03: Digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous & endocrine systems

Topic 04: Mitosis, meiosis, Mendel's laws, DNA, sex determination, genomics

Topic 05: Immune system, vaccines, communicable diseases, AMR & pandemics

Topic 06: Matter, periodic table, bonding, acids-bases, metals & organic chemistry

Topic 07: Motion, energy, optics, electricity, magnetism & modern physics

Topic 08: Orbits, satellites, PSLV, GSLV, LVM3, SSLV, cryogenics & NavIC

Topic 09: Gaganyaan, Chandrayaan-3, Aditya-L1, Mangalyaan, IN-SPACe & debris

Topic 10: Genetic engineering, GM crops, CRISPR, vaccines, stem cells & regulation

Topic 11: Nanomaterials, graphene, quantum dots, Nano Mission & applications

Topic 12: Networks, cloud, big data, blockchain, cyber security & Digital India

Topic 13: ML, deep learning, generative AI, drones, IoT & IndiaAI Mission

Topic 14: PARAM, quantum computing, semiconductors, 3D printing & HPC

Topic 15: Fission, fusion, 3-stage programme, thorium, NSG & non-proliferation

Topic 16: Missiles, IGMDP, Tejas, AMCA, nuclear triad, DRDO & Atmanirbhar

Topic 17: CSIR, DST, DBT, STIP, ANRF, IPR, GERD & Global Innovation Index

Topic 18: Green hydrogen, synthetic biology, fusion, neurotech, 6G & convergence

Topic 01: Historical evolution of India's foreign policy from Independence to the present

Topic 02: Geography, economy, domestic politics, MEA and decision-making institutions

Topic 03: Panchsheel, non-alignment, Gujral Doctrine, strategic autonomy

Topic 04: Kashmir, wars, Simla, terrorism, dialogue and confidence-building

Topic 05: Border dispute, trade, LAC, Doklam, Galwan and strategic competition

Topic 06: Realism, liberalism, constructivism, soft power and multipolarity

Topic 07: Nehruvian era, Indira Gandhi years, post-Cold War and Modi doctrine

Topic 08: Neighbourhood First policy, connectivity, and regional engagement

Topic 09: Open border, treaties, hydropower, China factor and people-to-people ties

Topic 10: Special relationship, hydropower, Doklam and development partnership

Topic 11: Land boundary, water sharing, connectivity, trade and security cooperation

Topic 12: Ethnic issue, fisheries, economic crisis support and maritime security

Topic 13: Island security, China factor, tourism and neighbourhood diplomacy

Topic 14: Act East gateway, border management, Rohingya and connectivity projects

Topic 15: Strategic partnership, connectivity, Taliban period and humanitarian role

Topic 16: IAFS, development partnership, energy, diaspora and Global South

Topic 17: Connect Central Asia, energy, INSTC and SCO engagement

Topic 18: ASEAN centrality, Act East, connectivity and Indo-Pacific

Topic 19: Special Strategic Partnership with Japan, Korea ties and technology

Topic 20: Quad, Australia ties, Pacific Islands and Indo-Pacific strategy

Topic 21: Gulf energy, diaspora, security and strategic partnerships

Topic 22: Iran, Israel, Turkey and Egypt — energy, security and diplomacy

Topic 23: Trade, energy, pharmaceuticals and South–South cooperation

Topic 24: Strategic partnership, defence, technology, diaspora and Quad

Topic 25: Defence, energy, S-400, Ukraine war and time-tested partnership

Topic 26: Trade, diaspora, Khalistan issue and bilateral diplomacy

Topic 27: Trade, FTA talks, technology, climate and strategic partnership

Topic 28: Bilateral ties with UK, Germany and France across defence and tech

Topic 29: Soft power, remittances, OCI, Pravasi Bharatiya and diplomacy

Topic 30: UN reform, UNSC bid, peacekeeping and multilateral diplomacy

Topic 31: IMF, World Bank, quota reforms and development finance

Topic 32: G20 presidency, Global South voice and plurilateral engagement

Topic 33: Minilaterals, BRICS expansion, SCO and export-control regimes

Topic 34: Regional groupings, connectivity and Indian Ocean diplomacy

Topic 35: Wars, trade wars, WTO crisis and India's strategic response

Topic 36: Digital, climate, health, space and economic diplomacy

Topic 01: Governance basics, principles of good governance, accountability and service delivery

Topic 02: Digital India, e-services, DBT, Aadhaar and public digital infrastructure

Topic 03: RTI architecture, citizens charter, transparency tools and social accountability

Topic 04: Civil services framework, reforms, ethics and performance issues

Topic 05: Rural development, urban governance, decentralization and inclusive planning

Topic 06: Poverty measurement, food security, welfare delivery and SDG-linked interventions

Topic 07: Labour force trends, formalization, labour codes, skilling and job creation

Topic 08: Population trends, demographic dividend, census and migration-linked governance

Topic 09: Public health systems, NHM, Ayushman Bharat and health sector governance

Topic 10: School and higher education reforms, NEP 2020, equity and learning outcomes

Topic 11: Gender justice, safety, representation, and women-centric policy interventions

Topic 12: Rights and welfare architecture for vulnerable groups and social inclusion

Topic 13: Constitutional protections, welfare schemes and implementation challenges

Topic 14: Consumer rights framework, institutions, grievance redressal and digital commerce

Topic 15: Internal displacement, labour vulnerability, legal safeguards and social security

Topic 16: Global institutions, multilateral governance reforms and India’s role

Topic 01: State & non-state actors, proxy war, CPEC, Operation Sindoor

Topic 02: Six land borders, guarding forces, BADP, CIBMS, vibrant villages

Topic 03: Three-tier architecture, IMAC, NC3I, SAGAR to MAHASAGAR

Topic 04: Types, terror funding sources, FATF, UAPA, NIA, Operation Sindoor

Topic 05: Maoist ideology, Naxalbari, Red Corridor, SAMADHAN doctrine

Topic 06: Naga & Manipur insurgency, AFSPA, peace accords, Act East Policy

Topic 07: Article 370 abrogation, proxy war, counter-insurgency, Pahalgam 2025

Topic 08: Radicalisation, communal violence, regionalism, digital disinformation

Topic 09: CIA triad, cyber attacks, CERT-In, NCIIPC, DPDP Act 2023

Topic 10: Social media impact, fake news, IT Rules 2021, DPDP Act

Topic 11: PMLA, ED, FIU-IND, FATF, crime-terror nexus, BNS 2023

Topic 12: CAPF, intelligence agencies, AFSPA, NSC, NSA, CDS, theaterisation

Topic 13: Police Act 1861, Prakash Singh case, Model Police Act, CCTNS

Topic 01: Hazard, vulnerability, risk, capacity, types of disasters and the disaster management cycle

Topic 02: Earthquakes, seismic zones, landslides, avalanches, tsunami, GLOF and land subsidence

Topic 03: Cyclones, floods, urban floods and flash floods — formation, IMD classification and naming

Topic 04: Drought, heatwave and cold wave, extreme weather, wildfire, lightning and cloudburst

Topic 05: Chemical, nuclear, biological, oil spills, transport disasters and war/conflict

Topic 06: DM Act 2005 & 2025 Amendment, NDMA-SDMA-DDMA, NDRF, funds and NDMP 2019

Topic 07: CBDRM, inclusive DRR, resilient infrastructure & CDRI, women, animals and early warning

Topic 08: Yokohama, Hyogo & Sendai frameworks, UNDRR, GFDRR, CDRI and links to SDGs & Paris

Topic 09: National & international case studies — Bhopal, Bhuj, 2004 Tsunami, Wayanad, Fukushima, COVID-19

Topic 01: Essence, determinants, dimensions of ethics, human values

Topic 02: ABC model, cognitive dissonance, prejudice, attitude change

Topic 03: Integrity, impartiality, compassion, dedication to public service

Topic 04: Goleman model, EI in governance and administration

Topic 05: Gandhi, Ambedkar, Kautilya, Vivekananda, Tagore

Topic 06: Kant, Mill, Aristotle, Rawls, virtue ethics, utilitarianism

Topic 07: Codes of conduct, corporate governance, stakeholder theory

Topic 08: Integrity, accountability, RTI, whistleblowers, citizen charter

Topic 09: Ethical dilemmas, decision frameworks, GS4 case studies

Latest month: Parliament session, economic data, international events

Apr 2026: Elections, budget session, global events

Mar 2026: Supreme Court judgments, policy updates

Feb 2026: Union Budget 2026-27, diplomacy